Word: testing
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...learned at his father's breakfast table made him an expert in international affairs. The memories of his graduate course during the first nine months of 1961 have, unfortunately, grown too dim in Washington. The Russians sent a man into space before we did and began to test the monster nuclear weapons that nobody thought they had. Our planes in the Berlin air corridor were buzzed; the autobahns were blocked. Insurgents consumed large chunks of Laos. The Bay of Pigs adventure was a disaster. Nikita Khrushchev pounded the table at the Vienna summit. The East Germans...
...Monde adds: "It would be paradoxical if the Soviets, who succeeded in coming to an agreement with an inveterate trickster like Mr. Nixon, were unable to do the same with an honest man." Some analysts even believe that by introducing the human rights issue early on, Carter successfully "tested" the Soviets before they had a chance to test him. As Kremlinologist Carl Linden of George Washington University sees it, Carter's opening sally threw the Russians off balance-but so what? "After all," he observes, "they've always felt entirely free about attacking the foundations of Western democracy...
...levels of safety that should be required for different experiments. In addition, they decided that precautions to keep research organisms from escaping from laboratories had to include "biological containment." This required the creation of mutated strains of E. coli so disabled that they could live nowhere but in a test tube. If they did escape their special broth and enter the atmosphere-or human gut-they would die almost instantly...
...role in the process is the E. coli bacterium. This microbe-a laboratory derivative of a common inhabitant of the human intestine-lends itself to being engineered because its genetic structure has been so well studied. In the first step of the process, scientists place the bacterium in a test tube with a detergent-like liquid. This dissolves the microbe's outer membrane, causing its DNA strands to spill out in a disorderly tangle. Most of the DNA is included in the bacterium's chromosome, in the form of a long strand containing thousands of genes. The remainder...
...companies for estimates of reserves, must contend with wildly varying figures, some of them just high-grade guesses. The problem is a serious obstacle to policymaking. For example, the U.S. Geological Survey-working from raw oil-company data and lacking funds to drill sufficient test holes-estimates that undiscovered resources of natural gas lying under water on the outer continental shelf may be as high as 655 trillion cu. ft., which at current consumption rates for gas would meet U.S. needs for more than 30 years. But then again, says USGS, the resources might be less than half that much...