Word: testing
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...first interview as President, Carter expanded his Inaugural Address pledge of "perseverance and wisdom in our efforts to limit the world's armaments." In a talk with the Associated Press and United Press International, he said: "I would like to proceed quickly and aggressively with a comprehensive [nuclear] test ban treaty. I am in favor of eliminating the testing of all nuclear devices, instantly and completely." As for the stalled Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, he declared that he expected "a fairly rapid ratification of the SALT II agreement. [And] I would like to move very quickly toward a much...
...decision was an elaboration of a ruling last June, Washington v. Davis, in which the court set narrower restrictions in judging charges of racial discrimination under the Constitution. That case involved two black plaintiffs who had charged that a test given to police recruits in Washington, D.C., was discriminatory because a disproportionate number of blacks flunked. The court declared then that a plaintiff in such a case would have to show "a racially discriminatory purpose" and not simply racially unbalanced results...
Complex Reaction. Jastrow and those who hold similar views base their judgment not on new evidence but on an analysis of the biology experiments conducted by the Viking landers. The gas exchange test, based on the fact that terrestrial organisms give off gases as waste products, involved dropping a pinch of Martian soil into a warm, moist test chamber. The aim was to determine whether the sample would give off carbon dioxide, as animals would, or oxygen, as plants do. Scientists were surprised when the sample began releasing oxygen far more rapidly than plants would be expected...
More encouraging results came from a second test, in which a sample of Martian soil that had been moistened with a nutrient broth showed a rapid release of carbon dioxide. The result might mean that some kind of microbe was metabolizing the food provided by Viking. But cautious scientists noted that certain peroxides in the soil might also have caused the reaction to occur...
...Tests did not find organic, or carbon-based, molecules in the Martian soil. Terrestrial soil is laden with such molecules, which are the remains of living organisms. But scientists agree that this negative finding does not necessarily weaken the case for Martian biology. There may simply have been too few of these molecules in the soil to be detected by the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer designed to look for them. The picture is complicated by the biology tests run at the second Mars landing site. In the gas exchange test, the soil released substantially less oxygen than the sample...