Word: testing
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Many scientists shared that surprise. For years they have talked about fertilizing the human egg in a test tube. But with every claim of success has come the inevitable countercurrent of doubt. Indeed as early as the 1940s, the eminent Boston gynecologist Dr. John Rock, a pioneer in development of the birth control pill, reported that he and colleagues had managed to fertilize an egg in vitro. But other scientists believe that the few cell divisions observed by Rock were nothing more than "parthenogenic cleavage" (division of the egg without the involvement of a sperm), probably induced by incidental stimulation...
...another English scientist, Dr. Douglas Bevis, casually dropped an even bigger bombshell. Not only had human eggs been fertilized in the test tube, said Bevis, but they had been successfully implanted in three women who subsequently gave birth. It was widely suspected that he was talking about his own work. When he proved unwilling or unable to document his claims, Bevis was so roundly denounced that he soon vowed to give up all such research. To this day, no one really knows whether Bevis was making phony claims or was a victim of the furious scientific competition between rival fertility...
...appointed by the HEW Secretary. Perhaps because it involved such a touchy subject, the panel was not formed until January of this year. One of its first orders of business: to weigh the long-pending application from a Vanderbilt University fertility researcher, Dr. Pierre Soupart. His objective: to resume tests, suspended in 1975, that are designed to show if there is any increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities when human eggs are fertilized in the test tube rather than in the body. Commenting on the delays forced upon American researchers by what is, in effect, an unofficial federal moratorium, U.C.L.A. Obstetrician...
News of the impending birth of a baby conceived in a test tube caused scant surprise-or suspicion-among scientists and doctors. That was a far cry from their reaction last March, when they challenged as a "fraud" and a "hoax" a book called In His Image that claimed a baby boy had been cloned from a 67-year-old millionaire. The difference was that the test-tube fertilization had been performed by two respected scientists whose accomplishments and progress had been described in many published papers. But Image did not identify the clone or the cloner, and offered...
Unlike in vitro fertilization, which lets nature take its course (sperm from the father and an egg from the mother unite, albeit in a test tube), cloning is asexual, single-parent reproduction. Instead of being a mixture of genes from two parents, the clone (from the Greek word klon, meaning twig or slip) is a genetic copy of its single parent...