Word: tetanus
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...lick & a promise, great were the medical lessons they learned. Brilliant U. S. Neurologist Harvey Gushing, confronted with crowding thousands of head wounds such as he had never seen before, devised a dozen new brain operations by the light of a kerosene lamp in French front-line operating shacks. Tetanus, great killer in all previous wars, was practically eliminated by routine injections of anti-tetanic serum to all wounded soldiers. Fatalities from black gas gangrene were greatly reduced by immediate injections of vaccine, a treatment developed by famed U. S. Pathologist William H. Welch. The late Spanish war taught doctors...
Drugs and Blood. Among the huge supplies of surgical materials stored up by the Government: 600,000 doses of tetanus antitoxin; 13,000,000 yards of gauze bandage; 225,000 stretchers. Over 100,000 donors in the London area, mostly women, are having their blood typed, expect to be ready for transfusions within a few minutes' notice. Blood of the universal Type Four, which can be safely used for all persons, has been stored in refrigerated banks, in special air-tight bottles...
...Elie Metchnikoff, who received a Nobel Prize in 1908 for his work on immunity. > Professor Gaston Ramon, square-built, square-bearded son of a farmer, who lives surrounded by 400 horses at the Institute's annex in Garches. He makes tremendous quantities of serums against diphtheria, bubonic plague, tetanus and other dread diseases. These serums are sold all over the world. Professor Ramon is famed as the man who developed diphtheria antitoxin, and the principle of multiple vaccination: immunization against several diseases with a single vaccination. > Dr. Ernest François Auguste Fourneau, master of chemical therapy, known...
...Warfield Monroe Firor of Johns Hopkins has long worried about this paradox. About 18 months ago he got the hunch that the tetanus toxin which causes the first stage of the disease must be different from the poison which causes the second fatal stage. To test his hunch he injected both small and large amounts of tetanus toxin directly into the spinal cords of more than 60 dogs. The injections were always followed by muscular paroxysms and death, even though 100 times the neutralizing dose of antitoxin was in the bloodstream and even though some doses of the poison were...
Last week Dr. Firor told members of the Society of University Surgeons, meeting at Rochester, N. Y., the conclusions of his research. As long as tetanus toxin has not had time to enter the spinal cord, he said, tetanus antitoxin can neutralize the poison and check the disease. But once toxin enters the cord, it somehow becomes transformed into a new poison. "The new substance is not attacked by the present antitoxin," said Dr. Firor. In answer to questions of enthusiastic colleagues, he said that he will shortly try to prepare a second antitoxin which will cure the final stages...