Word: textbooks
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...book contains no sex, drugs or florid writing, but it is a best seller on college campuses all the same. Titled simply Economics, the classic textbook by Nobel Laureate Paul Samuelson has sold nearly 4 million copies since its 1948 debut. In the twelfth version, published last week by McGraw-Hill ($32.95), Samuelson for the first time has a co-author, Yale Professor William Nordhaus, who served on President Carter's Council of Economic Advisers. Samuelson, 69, who will retire in May from his professorship at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, chose Nordhaus, 43, to help keep the book timely...
Emphasizing computer-aided learning and small group instruction instead of textbook-cramming and large lectures, the Med School's "New Pathway" will be taken by 25 of the 165 students in the next entering class. Educators hope the program will produce compassionate doctors capable of both providing better clinical care and grasping new--and, some charge, dehumanizing--medical technology...
...Francisco last month, Bill Honig, California's superintendent of public instruction, voiced the wide spread frustration with the textbook dilemma when he asked a convocation of 43 educators and 50 representatives from 16 publishing houses, "Who is in charge?" The answer is everybody and nobody. Certainly not Honig, though his voice has been one of the loudest and most persistent calling for textbook reform. In his own state, below fifth grade a zoo story may not include such words as beaver, parrot, goat - and zoo. A California anti-junk-food lobby's taboo still limits references...
...created by reading specialists than the details hardened into a doctrine by which educators judged the books they would allow in classrooms. Moreover, the formulas hatched lists of specific words and sentences deemed inappropriate. Subordinate clauses and connectives became no-nos up to certain levels; even topic sentences vanished. Textbook Expert Harriet Bernstein of the Council of Chief State School Officers points out that the word because does not appear in most American schoolbooks before the eighth grade. "And," she adds, "you can imagine what that does to the text...
...often mystification. That mystification is compounded by ethnic, religious, political and other groups that have lobbied their attitudes and taboos into texts. In Maryland, Tom Sawyer no longer says "honest injun." Just "honest." And the bland Watergate reference from McGraw-Hill's fifth-grade social-studies textbook United States is a result of the almost universal avoidance of controversy in textbooks...