Word: textualism
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...military decision-makers especially in a crisis situation, are evident. Researchers working under the Project's auspices are developing further elaboration of computer techniques to deal with the special problems of the social scientist: complex correlation and causal chains; many variables, none of which can be held constant; and textual data to be analyzed for thematic content...
...Michael Levenson's critical essay treats the experimental work of three contemporary authors in a very experimental way. "The Short Fiction of John Barth, Donald Barthelme, and Robert Coover" is a subject few critics would take on without assurance of enough room for extensive textual justification and a good deal of hedging; Levenson's short essay on the "self-vivisection" of these three writers in search of a sensibility uses brief quotations to launch his fast-paced, nine-part analysis. The spirit of the essay is apt, but the dialectic Levenson sets up between the styles of this new fiction...
...Shakespeare's people are complex, not easily explicable. There are conflicts in the play which Shakespeare never resolves. Miller has included the part of Claudius who kills his brother, but has ignored the part which cries "O, my offense is rank, it smells to heaven..." He has ignored the textual justifications for Hamlet's behavior, and tried to superimpose an interpretation of his own which is totally unaccounted for in the internal evidence. In short, he has done violence to Hamlet, murder most foul...
Many readers may be disappointed by other textual changes. The beloved 121st Psalm ("I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills, from whence cometh my help"), now takes on a distinctly new meaning: "If I lift up my eyes to the hills, where shall I find help?" The "valley of the shadow of death," in the 23rd Psalm, becomes "a valley dark as death." Those who look for "vanity of vanities" in Ecclesiastes will find now only a vacuum: "Emptiness, emptiness, says the Speaker, emptiness, all is empty...
Though its emphasis was on criticism-what Ransom christened the "New Criticism," with a stress on close textual analysis-the Kenyon also published fine poetry. Its first issue carried the work of a 22-year-old student at Kenyon College named Robert Lowell. Other issues ran a lot of early Dylan Thomas, much of Wallace Stevens and, later, some James Dickey. Its four issues a year, published in paperback format, were a delight to discriminating readers around the world, from Nehru to Ernest Hemingway...