Word: thomism
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...actually named in the church's 1918 code of canon law. The code declared that his "method, doctrine and principles" were to be the foundation of every priest's philosophical and theological training. Brilliant Neo-Thomists like the French philosophers Jacques Maritain and Etienne Gilson had given Thomism a modern relevance. University of Chicago Philosopher Mortimer (The Great Books) Adler considered Aquinas to be one of the foremost molders of Western thought. In many Roman Catholic colleges, students got heavy doses of Thomism; later philosophical giants like Descartes, Hume and Kant were only mentioned for their errors...
...looking for an aesthetic or political theory . . . applicable to the modern situation? Fine, read Thomas. Do you want an adequate contemporary theology? Master the Summa Theologiae and the Summa Contra Gentiles." Even before the Second Vatican Council, some progressive Catholic theologians were abandoning the kind of worshipful Thomism Tracy describes. After the council had ushered in a new spirit of intellectual freedom in the 1960s, Thomas' fall into disfavor accelerated. His structured philosophy was criticized as too static, his rationality rejected for lacking the insights of existentialism. This year, at one typical U.S. Catholic seminary-St. Joseph...
Soon thereafter Maritain began reading the massive works of St. Thomas Aquinas. As Thomas had found in Aristotle a philosophical basis for reconciling man's reason and Christian faith, so Maritain, in half a lifetime of philosophical study, brought a rejuvenated Thomism into a modern age of skepticism and science. As the most original philosopher in the Neo-Scholastic movement, he developed an abstruse new theory of human knowledge that sought to unify all the sciences and subdivisions of philosophy in the pursuit of reality. Thomism became a live intellectual option, not merely in France but for two generations...
...this book and in later papers, he develops an all-embracing theory of knowledge that includes every area of human understanding, not least of them the awareness of God. Though Lonergan grafts from the scholastic tradition of St. Thomas Aquinas, he has long since gone beyond Thomism, much as Aquinas transcended Aristotle. His particular distinction is that he shares modern philosophy's concern for each man's uniqueness, and sees man's own self-understanding as the key to understanding the universe around him. He thus echoes the Athenian exhortation yvwi aeavrov-know thyself...