Word: tiered
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...West moved swiftly last week to take a new partner into its "northern tier" of Middle East defenses. Stopping over in Baghdad on his way back from Bangkok, Britain's Anthony Eden suggested to Iraq's Premier Nuri es-Said that Britain is ready to join the Turkish-Iraqi alliance and to replace the expiring Anglo-Iraqi pact with a new association . . . in line with those which already exist with Turkey and other partners in NATO. " Britian's connection with Iraq is oil, which is Baghdad's chief source of revenue: $100 million a year...
Moscow denounced the pact as "a stab in the back" for the Arab League countries. The U.S., which had carefully taken no hand in the negotiations, was pleased. The pact strengthens the Middle East's "northern tier" (the defense line from Turkey to Pakistan). Pakistan, hitherto isolated on the northern tier's right wing, exulted. "It's good to be a bridge instead of feeling like a chasm," said a Pakistan official. The Pakistani were talking of including Iran too, which like Turkey and Pakistan is Moslem but not Arab...
...Turkish head of state to Baghdad since Iraq freed itself of the Ottomans in 1918. He got a royal welcome. Menderes' mission: to persuade Iraq to join its fellow Moslems in the U.S.-blessed Turkish-Pakistan defense pact, designed to protect the Middle East's "northern tier" from Russia (TIME, March 1). Iraq already has long standing commercial and diplomatic ties with Britain, and two large R.A.F. bases...
...After long and careful negotiation by U.S. diplomats, Turkey and Pakistan signed a military collaboration treaty. This was a key step toward Dulles' goal of a "Northern Tier" defense against Soviet expansion...
...Thailand now finds herself threatened by the same kind of "inside job" as Indo-China was, she wanted guarantees against subversion. The Philippines wished to avoid any definition that would require her to help a colonial power quell a genuine nationalist movement. The U.S. wanted to protect the southern tier of Asian states-Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Viet Nam. The Philippines wanted to defend only treaty signers and challenged the right of France to sign for the three independent states of Indo-China...