Word: tigre
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...intramural sniping (Watson, Collins' predecessor as head of the agency's genome project, had derided Venter for his work on machines that "could be run by monkeys"). So he and Claire Fraser, his wife and collaborator, left to found a private research firm, called the Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), where in 1994 he upped the gene-sequencing ante to a new level. At the urging of medicine Nobelist Hamilton Smith, now a Celera scientist, Venter decided to use a technique called shotgunning to sequence the entire genome of a living organism, the H. influenzae bacterium (a bug that causes...
...idea was to shred the creature's DNA, sequence each of the millions of tiny fragments, then (the hard part) reassemble the sequences in their proper order. Critics argued that it was too difficult a task, and the project failed to get federal funding. But within a year TIGR published the bacterial genome--the first free-living organism to be fully sequenced...
...profit basis Started by Venter after he left the NIH, this outfit is the mother of Celera. Run now by his wife, Claire Fraser (Venter serves as chairman of the board), it claims credit for identifying many of the human genes used in research today. TIGR (pronounced Tiger) now concentrates on microbial and plant genomic research, the results of which it publishes free on its website: www.tigr.org...
...founded as a partnership between Venter and Haseltine to exploit the research coming out of TIGR, but the two parted ways in 1997. The company today holds U.S. patents on 159 genes and has four genomic compounds in clinical trials. These include a drug that curbs the toxic effects of chemotherapy and a drug that promotes wound healing...
Still, many researchers considered shotgunning crude and inaccurate. By this time, Venter's relationship with Human Genome Sciences had soured over quarrels about patenting and publication of data, and he and TIGR split with HGS. Other labs were now in the shotgunning game--though of the 30 or so organisms decoded to date, two-thirds were decoded by TIGR, with results that are generally acknowledged to be of high quality...