Word: tinkering
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...bring from the laboratory to the pharmacy shelf. Although drug patents can last up to 22 years, firms must test a product for several years after a patent filing to win approval from the Food and Drug Administration. That gives competitors, who have access to the filing, time to tinker with a patented compound and make it different enough to qualify as a new drug. Growing, too, are the ranks of generic-drug producers who do little or no research and sell copies of older drugs at deep discounts. Their share of the $28.3 billion-a-year U.S. market...
...process keeps changing. The Democratic leadership, aware for years that the post-1968 reforms were flawed, has continued to tinker. But despite a consensus that the calendar had to be made more rational, no one could control ) the "nomination window" in either party. States resentful of Iowa's and New Hampshire's clout have moved up their contests to create "front-loading," a jumble of primaries and caucuses in the first month of action. Front-loading enhances the importance of doing well in the first two major competitions. Voters in the second and third rounds, having seen little...
Three students who worked on the Spectrum brought suit, alleging a violation of their First Amendment right to free expression. They had some reason to suppose that the courts might agree. In its landmark 1969 Tinker decision, the Supreme Court held that a school acted unconstitutionally when it suspended students for wearing black armbands to class in protest against the Viet Nam War. Schools may curtail those rights, the court ruled, only when the student expression substantially disrupts schoolwork or discipline, or invades the rights of others...
...Byron White saw a distinction. While the First Amendment prevented a school from silencing certain kinds of student expression, he said, it did not also require a school actively to promote such expression in plays and publications produced under its auspices. White, who had joined the majority in the Tinker case, ruled this time that educators may exert editorial control in such instances "so long as their actions are reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical concerns." Such concerns, he noted, might extend to work that is "poorly written, inadequately researched, biased or prejudiced, vulgar or profane, or unsuitable for immature audiences...
Hall said he knew his superiors only as Tinker, Evers and Chance, the last names of a famous Chicago Cubs doubleplay combination early in the century...