Word: tito
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FINLAND. Like most of their countrymen, Finnish Communists have learned to keep a wary eye on their giant neighbor to the east. The party has long taken Tito-type stands critical of Moscow's policies and was one of the most vocal protesters against the Czechoslovakian invasion...
Yugoslavia was the first East European nation to defy Russia. It was a considerable event. Until Josip Broz Tito rebelled in 1948, Joseph Stalin seemed invincible in the Communist world. The Yugoslavian assertion of independence showed that there could be more than one path for Communists: it also set an example that led to the whole concept of a neutral Third World. Today all that is taken for granted. But at the time the Yugoslav struggle was a very close thing. Just how close is dramatically described by Historian Vladimir Dedijer, who lived through the ordeal as one of Marshal...
Eventually, the Russians proved so crudely aggressive that few could ignore their intent. By then, the U.S.S.R. had gained a grip on the country-much more so than is commonly realized. Soviet agents had infiltrated most departments of government. Tito had been goaded into an ill-advised farm collectivization program that caused near-revolt among the peasants. The Russians had talked the Yugoslavs into setting up joint stock companies that clearly favored the Soviets, but persistently withheld the help toward industrialization that Tito expected in return...
...Unity. But Gomulka, an ardent nationalist as well as a Communist, soon ran afoul of the Stalinist tendencies in the Polish party. He had long insisted that his homeland must follow the "Polish road to Socialism," that it could not imitate the Soviet Union. He opposed collectivization and supported Tito. For this behavior he was forced to acknowledge "selfcriticism" in 1949 and was relieved of his posts. He was arrested in 1951 and remained a virtual prisoner until 1956, when the party, shattered by the Poznan riots, saved itself by choosing Gomulka to rebuild Polish Communism...
...everyone is pleased. In the Italian Parliament, rightwing Deputies asked Foreign Minister Aldo Moro deliberately provocative questions about the possible "surrender" of Zone B during Tito's trip. Moro replied: "The government will not take into consideration any renunciation of legitimate national interests." Tito, hypersensitive to separatist tendencies in Yugoslavia's six republics, was in fact under pressure to seek formal sovereignty over Zone...