Word: tlingits
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Today the Navajo Nation is but one of many tribes in which some members believe they can exploit their natural resources with minimal risk while others don't want to take any chances. In Alaska spruce forests that served as traditional hunting grounds have been clear-cut by Tlingit loggers. Florida's Miccosukee Indians are attempting to build housing within Everglades National Park, while Utah's Goshute are actively seeking a nuclear-waste dump. And last year Arizona's White Mountain Apaches, protecting their logging and cattle interests, declared that federal agents would be forbidden to enforce the Endangered Species...
Last Thursday marked the first day of what is without question the most widely publicized legal proceeding in Tlingit history. In the 750-person lumber and fishing town of Klawock, Alaska, 12 self-proclaimed tribal judges pondered the fate of two young criminals. The "tribal court" had the trappings of authenticity: the hall had been ritually purified with a "devil's club" branch, and some of the judges wore red and black ceremonial blankets and gestured with eagle and raven feathers. But there were abundant reasons for skepticism, both of the tribunal and the sentence it was likely to mete...
Enter Rudy James. The 58-year-old Klawock native had long ago moved to Washington and married the ex-wife of one of Allendoerfer's colleagues on the bench. At the behest of Roberts' grandfather, he presented himself as a Tlingit tribal judge and suggested an exotic deal. If Allendoerfer bound the boys over to their tribe, they would undergo a traditional Tlingit punishment: banishment on remote, uninhabited islands, while contemplating their sins and hewing logs with which to build Whittlesey a house...
That was prudent, given the information that had already begun leaking out. Although James has no criminal convictions, he has a history of bad debts, and civil court judgments against him have reportedly reached $60,000. Klawock's only federally recognized Tlingit organization, the Klawock Cooperative Association, sent a letter disassociating itself from the case. Sociologists were up in arms. Says Sasha Hughes, author of two books on Native Alaskan heritage and a longtime James observer: "Banishment is not part of Tlingit culture. Rudy is a con man. He just makes it up as he goes along." Adds Aaron Isaacs...
...question. In Klawock last Thursday, the panel of judges was peculiarly constituted. Five of the 12 were named James; a sixth was Roberts' grandfather; a seventh was invited on at the last minute by Guthrie's mother. Relatives also made up a large fraction of the hearing's meager Tlingit audience. After the purification ceremonies and a speech by 92-year-old George Jim exhorting the Tlingits to "march together; that way we will not fall apart!" the defendants entered, dressed in reversed tunics, to indicate their shame, and traditional red head coverings...