Word: toed
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Dates: during 1880-1889
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I. It should not apply to civil officers (a) Confidential clerks should be chosen by those whom they serve. (b) Skilled artisans should be chosen not for knowledge but for efficiency in their art-recognized in Civil Service Report, pp. 100-104.
II. It should not extend to political officers. (a) Examination system cannot determine fitness of men to act as heads of departments or divisions; or, (b) their capacity to act as diplomats-Federalist, No. 71, p. 502 and c., (Dawson edition.)
I. It would be contrary to the constitution, for it would limit the powers expressly given to the president and senate-U. S. Constitution, article 2, section 2; Congressional Record, vol. 14, pp. 470 et seq.
II. It would be contrary to the idea of American government. (a) There must always be a difference between civil and political officers; (b) The U. S. government is essentially a party government-Bryce, Am. Comm., I, 636-661; (c) good government demands that political officers should be in sympathy...
Princeton's campus has been enlarged from 65 to 225 acres.