Word: tolls
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...week's end the German attack slackened a little. Mud and weariness had taken their toll. Troops who had battered at each other almost without pause for two weeks got a breathing spell. The greatest assault yet had been beaten off. But no man in the beachhead doubted for a moment that there would be more...
This is no mean achievement. A toll call, which must be relayed along a maze of loops and trunk lines, usually involves several skilled operators and a number of complex connections. In the new system, an operator in the town where the call originates calls the number by dialing or punching keys on a new kind of switchboard. Instead of plugs, this has a numbered keyboard like an adding machine. The message goes to the mechanical brain, called a "marker," which hunts out an available trunk line, tests a path to the destination and electrically sets up all connections...
...Philadelphia tests, this amazing instrument (known as the "crossbar toll switching system") has greatly speeded up long distance telephoning and relieved wartime overcrowding of toll lines. Telephone officials expect to install the system throughout the nation as soon as equipment is available after the war. Eventually, they believe, it will be possible for a customer to dial an out-of-town call on his home or office phone. Already, in Culver City, Calif., engineers are testing an instrument which not only permits direct dialing of toll calls (within a limited area) but automatically records on a printed ticket the length...
...railroads, straining under their backbreaking load of seven billion passenger-miles monthly, have driven their men and equipment close to the breaking point. Last week the Interstate Commerce Commission underlined the toll that the nation is paying...
...disease was on the march. In famine-weakened Bengal malaria was taking a death toll comparable to the famine's fabulous 40,000 a week of early November. Cholera, dysentery and dropsy were also in murderous full bloom...