Word: tonkin
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Behind the great arc that stretches from Shantung province on the Yellow Sea to the southern coast of Kwangtung province on the Gulf of Tonkin, the vast heartland of China was once more beset by its most ancient of enemies-flood and famine. From Kwangtung alone, refugees streamed into the refugee-packed British Crown Colony of Hong Kong at an officially counted rate of 100 a day; how many others came across the Communist border uncounted, no one knew. In the nearby Portuguese colony of Macao, officials estimated that 20,000 Chinese refugees had fled their homeland in the past...
...Viet Nam port of Haiphong (which the French, under Geneva's terms, must evacuate next week). The French admit that the negotiations have so far proved "disappointingly unproductive." but they persevere; they are trying so hard for Communist good will that they recently sold the valuable Charbonnages du Tonkin coal mines to the Communists for the mere promise of 1,000,000 tons of coal- to be mined and delivered later on. Sainteny is talking with the Communists about electrical and rail equipment, cloth, cars, drugs and food; he advocates an economic buildup for the new Communist state...
...them will eventually be assigned new land. Among these anti-Communist refugees were 10,000 soldiers of a special type. They looked no different from the other Vietnamese peasants, but they were the remnants of one of the last real church armies in the world: the fighting Catholics of Tonkin, led by round, shrewd Bishop Thaddeus...
...Must Fight." No man in Indo-China was more an uncontested ruler than Bishop Tu, a French-schooled Vietnamese and a onetime Trappist monk. His flock was half a million farmers who lived in the rich Tonkin coastal area. Le Huu Tu dotted his little theocracy with schools, seminaries, orphanages, and cathedral-sized churches. He walked a tricky tightrope of diplomacy, between the Viet Minh revolutionists, the Vietnamese loyalists and the French colonials...
...later, the embattled Catholics of the Tonkin area gave a better account of themselves, fighting with the kind of religious fervor so often theoretically invoked in the West as the answer to the fanatic fervor of the Communists...