Word: tonkin
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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While Johnson was gaining the biggest consensus of all time, the ground-work was being laid for a mass movement which would seriously challenge his tenure in office. In August, Congress adopted the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, enabling the tremendous involvement of the United States in Vietnam. Late November saw the birth of University Reform at Berkeley. Students served warning about what they could do when they found a cause...
...attacks, in particular, wounded the President. New Jersey Republican Clifford Case, among the mildest, most even-tempered of men, lit into Johnson for his "misuse" and "perversion" of the Tonkin Gulf resolution, accusing him of having acted in a "highly irresponsible manner" and of having "squandered his credibility...
Both moves are laudable. President Johnson has gone far beyond the intent of the 89th Congress, which passed the Gulf of Tonkin resolution in 1964 to back him after U.S. ships exchanged fire with North Vietnamese gunboats. Although the Tonkin resolution authorized the President to "take all necessary measures" to "prevent further aggression," Johnson gave no indication until after the 1964 elections that he intended to embark on a policy of sharp escalation...
...time, he told Fulbright--the floor manager for the Tonkin Resolution--that he had no plans for a major increase in America's share of the war. This summer, Undersecretary of State Katzenbach expressed the Administration view that the resolution gave the President authority to invade China if he wished...
Clearly, the President has abused the intent of Congress. He has used the Tonkin resolution--and the increased U.S. war casualties that resulted--as a club to batter Congressional opposition...