Word: toolboxes
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...technological addition to the ICG toolbox has made the pages even more interactive. HyperNews takes the place of old newsgroups by allowing a threaded record of discussion through the Web page...
...strike ended in early December, the firm has forbidden incendiary slogans like "Families in Solidarity" and suspended dozens of union employees for infractions as tiny as failing to shake a foreman's hand with sufficient alacrity. A 52-year-old worker who failed to peel union stickers off his toolbox fast enough was threatened with loss of retirement benefits...
...environment in which they lived? Today an unprecedented effort to answer these questions is under way. Geologists and geochemists are reconstructing the Precambrian planet, looking for changes in the atmosphere and ocean that might have put evolution into sudden overdrive. Developmental biologists are teasing apart the genetic toolbox needed to assemble animals as disparate as worms and flies, mice and fish. And paleontologists are exploring deeper reaches of the fossil record, searching for organisms that might have primed the evolutionary pump. "We're getting data," says Harvard University paleontologist Andrew Knoll, "almost faster than we can digest...
...Madison, Wisconsin, showed that a homeobox gene involved in insect-limb formation also controls the genetic signals that paint spots on butterfly wings. In essence, says Carroll, butterflies use an old gene to perform a new trick. "Evolution did not have to invent new genes," he observes. "One basic toolbox gives nature enormous potential for diversity...
...genes and the non-Hox homeobox genes are not independent agents but members of vast genetic networks that connect hundreds, perhaps thousands, of other genes. Change one component, and myriad others will change as well-and not necessarily for the better. Thus dreams of tinkering with nature's toolbox to bring to life what scientists call a "hopeful monster" -- such as a fish with feet -- are likely to remain elusive. Scientists, as Duboule observes, are still far from reproducing in a laboratory the biochemical artistry that nature has taken millions of years to accomplish...