Word: torus
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SEAS graduate student James C. Bird, who led the study, found that the forces acting on a bubble cause the film to fold into itself and form a donut-shaped pocket of air. Then, the surface tension breaks the "torus of air" into a ring of smaller bubbles, Bird wrote in a press release...
...confident walk, Brito looks more likely to spend his day carbo-loading for a track and field meet than working through abstract math problem sets in the library. Ask him to explain “A Universal Degree Bound for Rings of Invariants of n Point Configurations Modulo Torus Actions,” and that stereotype quickly disappears. But his understanding of the theorem shouldn’t come as a surprise, considering that he proved it this past summer with two professors in a Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program at the University of Michigan...
...milliseconds, the doughnut-shaped device known as the Princeton Large Torus held a plasma of hydrogen and deuterium in a strong magnetic field at a temperature of 60 million degrees centigrade-four times higher than the sun's own internal heat and better than twice the mark set at Princeton last December. Equally important, feared instabilities at that temperature did not occur, making the physicists more confident than ever that they will be able to demonstrate the scientific feasibility of fusion by reaching the magical break-even point: when as much energy comes out of a reaction as goes...
...latest work the Princeton physicists exceeded their own expectations. The addition of four high-power "neutral beam" injectors, developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, pumped extra energy into the hot plasma, and a shrewd switch to graphite from tungsten in critical components of the torus' vacuum chamber reduced heat loss. The director of the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Melvin Gottlieb, is now convinced that the break-even point can be reached with Princeton's new and bigger torus, slated to begin operation...
Ectoplasmic Bagel. The magnetic containment devices most widely used in fusion experiments are called "tokamaks." Invented by Soviet scientists in the early 1960s, tokamaks are toruses, or doughnut-shaped chambers, surrounded by huge electromagnets. Gas is fed into the chamber and heated until it becomes a plasma. Powerful fields produced by the magnets hold the plasma and keep it from touching the chamber walls. The temperature of the plasma is raised closer to fusion temperatures by passing electric currents and shooting beams of high-energy atoms through it. With these techniques, tokamaks have come the closest of any magnetic device...