Word: totalitarian
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...Europe. The Pope consciously showed that his church was above the war by choosing three cardinals each from victorious France, defeated Germany and neutral, totalitarian Spain. But once more he was practical as well as spiritual: in France and Germany he took care to pick shining lights of the resistance. Outstanding selections: small, half-paralyzed Archbishop Jules-Géraud Saliege of Toulouse, who during France's occupation openly attacked German treatment of Jews and conscription of Frenchmen; massive, blue-blooded Bishop Clemens August von Galen of Munster, whose anti-Nazi sermons and pastorals nearly cost him his life...
...Allies had to make the law for the trials; there were few precedents. The Anglo-Saxon jurists were used to jury trials of men presumed innocent until proved guilty. The French had legal customs based in part on the sterner Roman code. The Russians were used to even sterner totalitarian ways...
...upheaval in the old style of blood and barricades. It was in Europe's new style-a revolution by law. Its objective was nothing less than to build a political and ideological bridge between the East and West, to prove that socialism can be more democratic than totalitarian...
...totalitarian socialists, by far the most astute professionals in the field, moved toward their goals by methods which equally disturbed scoundrels and honorable men. The democratic socialists, maintaining that full liberty and full security can be combined and made enduring, were embarrassed by their new responsibilities in Britain, and by those problems of relative inefficiency which confront all democrats. Only in Czechoslovakia, one of the less unhappy nations in Europe, were socialist prospects very promising. But that country's fortunes depended chiefly on friendly relations with the Soviet Union; and democratic and totalitarian socialists are not notable for lifelong...
...page memorandum to the Imperial Government, General of the Army Douglas MacArthur last week decreed revolution. He demanded full civil liberties, release of political prisoners, abolishment of all totalitarian powers and dismissal of the Minister of Home Affairs, who had persistently abused these powers. There was to be freedom of speech (even about the Emperor) and freedom of thought (under Japanese law, people suspected of thinking wrong thoughts could be imprisoned...