Word: totalitarianisms
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...minister Joseph Goebbels, Stalin understood how to use images to mold public opinion. "It was mass marketing," says Boris Groys, co-curator of Dream Factory Communism - the Visual Culture of the Stalin Era, at the Schirn through early January. "The difference was that Stalin's was conducted by a totalitarian state and used to promote a single product - communist ideology." The show's 200 paintings, posters and films trace the development of Soviet "agit-art," from its inception in 1918 among the painters of the Russian avant-garde to the heyday of Socialist Realism in the 1930s and 1940s...
Hopes that the death of Deng Xiao Ping, China’s leader during the massacre, might bring political reform were crushed when Jiang Zemin, the Communist Party’s third-generation leader, rejected reform outright. My friends and I, more disgusted than ever with the totalitarian regime, drafted a document published simultaneously in the U.S., France and Taiwan challenging the Chinese government to carry out sweeping reforms. Called “China Needs a New Transformation—Program Proposal of the Democratic Faction,” its revolutionary content frightened the leadership...
...includes some 390 works by 145 artists - ghosts of a not-so-distant past. Since East Germany no longer exists, it may seem obvious to view its culture as a marked-off "period." Many believe its artists can be clearly divided into those who created propaganda for the totalitarian state and those who remained independent and were repressed. But curators Roland M?rz and Eugen Blume demonstrate that many easy assumptions about art in East Germany do not hold up to closer scrutiny. Rather than reinforce the consensus view that this art can only be seen in its social and political...
...grasp the simple truth that people work badly if they are terrorized and half starved. Toward the end of the Gulag, Applebaum writes, "It was becoming clear to the Soviet authorities that the camps were wasteful, corrupt, and above all, unprofitable." Unlike Germany, Russia has not confronted its totalitarian past. It tries to forget it - or, in the case of the present political leadership, selectively justify it, as if 10 million deaths can be balanced out by achievements in other fields. It may be for this reason that the legal and prison systems here are still a nightmare, and that...
...occupation authority, headed by retired Lieut. General Jay Garner, is asking all Iraqi civil servants, whoever they are, to return to their desks. Said Garner in a press conference last week: "As in any totalitarian regime, there were many people who needed to join the Baath Party in order to get ahead in their careers. We don't have a problem with most of them. But we do have a problem with those who were part of the thug mechanism under Saddam." Once the U.S. identifies those in the second group, it will "get rid of them," Garner promised. Within...