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...What causes changes in gut microbiota? Many things, says Gewirtz, including the use of antibiotics, cleaner water and improved sanitation and hygiene in general, which influences the type and amount of microbes that reside in the intestines. In the current study, scientists found that in TLR5-deficient animals, the total percentage of 150 species of bacteria in the gut was three to four times higher than in normal mice, while 125 other types of bacteria were less common. "We don't have a sense of which is more important yet - that some of those species are missing, or that some...
Protection for tuna was initially proposed by Monaco late last year, and if the motion passes at the CITES meeting, the fish would be listed under the treaty's Appendix I. That would amount to a total trade ban, though countries would still be able to fish the tuna for their own markets. But given that about 80% of the worldwide bluefin tuna catch is eventually eaten in Japan - with the main fishing nations being Italy, France and Spain - a global trade ban should significantly reduce pressure on the fish population, which is now at less than...
...Ocean by ship and helicopter, University of Alaska researcher Natalia Shakhova and her colleagues report that methane, a greenhouse gas that is 30 times more effective in trapping heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide, is bubbling up from the continental shelf and leaking into the atmosphere. The estimated total: 8 teragrams - that's 8 trillion grams - per year. (See pictures of the effects of global warming...
...change, however, isn't at all certain. Eight teragrams of anything, let alone a heat-trapping greenhouse gas, sounds dangerous, but as Martin Heimann of the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry in Jena, Germany, points out, the newly discovered methane leak represents a small piece of the overall global total of methane emissions - about 500 teragrams annually - from wetlands, termites and agriculture (including belching cows, rotting manure and rice paddies...
Concepción, which is adjacent to the Pacific Ocean, seems to have dodged the tsunami, but Lewis says that small towns north and south were badly hit by it. He says he was told by authorities that 350 deaths of the total death toll were the result of the tsunami in these small villages. Generally, the navy would have been the first to respond, but, says Lewis, "their base on the water was destroyed by the quake and tsunami, leaving them helpless." (See "Chile's President: Why Did Tsunami Warnings Fail...