Word: towers
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Tower's curiosity was first aroused by an American flag of stripes alone, which he found in a Revolutionary period painting. He began putting together a pictorial narrative of contemporary pictures that showed a steady evolution of a similar striped flag in The Netherlands, England and America...
...first striped flag that Tower found bore seven red "stripes of rebellion" (see opposite) for the provinces of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland, Friesland, Groningen and Overijssel, strongholds of the Reformation. According to Tower, Dutch refugees carried this flag with them to the southern counties of England, where Puritanism was strongest, and around 1574 it began to appear on British ships, sometimes with four red stripes, and sometimes with the red cross of St. George in the canton (the upper corner next to the staff). Contemporary views show that it was carried by some ships against the Spanish Armada...
...early 17th century, Puritans from Holland and England crossed to America, and when the first colonial confederation was formed for mutual safety in 1643 among Plymouth, Massachusetts, New Haven and Connecticut, Tower believes, a flag of four red stripes was adopted and flown from coastal trading vessels as shown in a 1647 view of New Amsterdam (opposite). From these Puritan beginnings, the red-and-white-striped flag gradually took on a national symbolism. It appeared in New York during the Stamp Act Congress of 1765, with nine red and white stripes-for New York, Massachusetts, Rhode Island. Connecticut, New Jersey...
...rattlesnake. After the signing of the Declaration of Independence, there was no longer need for a canton symbol of union with Great Britain, and with the congressional resolution of June 14, 1777, stars were substituted for the crosses of St. George and St. Andrew. The idea for the stars, Tower believes, may have come from East Friesland, whence many refugees, including William Penn, came to America...
...race horse and receives the public at a smart new house on a hillside in Darjeeling, India. For the ghosting of an autobiography he cannot read he commands the services of one of the most practiced and high-priced writers in the mountaineering business. James Ramsey Ullman (The White Tower, The Age of Mountaineering) has filled Tenzing's book with plenty of good writing, cliff hangs, avalanches, frostbite and windy nights on bald mountains. The result is polished, often deeply moving, but rather on the twicetold side. Tenzing, however, has saved for this book one bit of information...