Word: townships
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Among Vlok's targets were the United Democratic Front, the large antigovernment umbrella organization with more than 600 township affiliates claiming 2 million members nationwide; the Azanian People's Organization, an all-black radical group; the Detainees Parents' Support Committee; the Release Mandela Committee; and several youth and civic groups. Vlok claimed that he was taking action against those "who persist in promoting a revolutionary climate," but the decree in effect outlaws almost all extraparliamentary protest by blacks, even if it is nonviolent. Said Azhar Cachalia, the U.D.F. treasurer: "The government has declared war against all peaceful opposition...
Black-owned shopping centers are fast replacing the corner groceries and market stalls that until recently were the main stores catering to township residents. The new $2.8 million Lesedi City mall, east of Johannesburg, the largest yet built in any urban black area, houses 53 black businesses, including a supermarket, video library, disco and off-track betting parlor, as well as the local witch doctor and herbalist. Says Lesedi City Developer Gray Thathane, 56: "That's the march to freedom...
These nascent signs of change on the landscape of apartheid have been a long time coming. In the wake of the bloody 1976 uprising in the sprawling township of Soweto, outside Johannesburg, angry young radicals trashed many black businesses, along with government-owned liquor stores and beer halls, as symbols of white oppression. At that time they could find relatively few such targets, since the law impeded black ownership of homes and businesses in urban areas. Only gradually were free enterprise and limited schemes for home ownership extended to the townships on the basis of 99-year leases. In April...
...extraordinary construction boom, bolstered by urban black improvement schemes that were developed, often under international pressure, by local and foreign South African business organizations. Even before the lifting of residence and property restrictions, blacks were beginning to enjoy better wages, job opportunities and employment benefits. Expanded credit to township homeowners and developers, totaling some $30 million a month, has helped catapult large numbers of blacks from low-income to middle-income and even luxury housing. A Cape Town conference attended by government officials and political leaders two weeks ago held out the promise of even greater progress, as successive speakers...
...believe in democracy. It's a duty." That is his explanation of why he will rally at least eight of his twelve children, load them with his wife Lucille into the family's gray 1980 Chevy Citation (a veteran of 105,000 dusty miles) and head to Union Township's caucus in nearby West High School for the clear and open ritual of boosting Massachusetts Democratic Governor Mike Dukakis. No back-room dealing for Seelman. And no pussyfooting on the tough issues. "The Dukakis farm plan is not as good as Gephardt's," says Seelman, whose land has been...