Word: trade-union
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Vilified then as the man who imposed martial law in 1981 and outlawed the Solidarity trade-union movement, Jaruzelski gazed calmly from the sidelines last year as the revolt against communism gathered steam. He acknowledged Solidarity's election victory in June, and then won, with just a single ballot to spare, a parliamentary vote for a six-year presidential term. "As President, Jaruzelski has done practically everything that was expected of him," says Pawel Ziolek, a spokesman of the Forum of a Democratic Right, a coalition group. "Which means he did nothing to disturb the process of dismantling the system...
...roller coaster ride into the future could turn even more stomach churning if the split within Solidarity itself precipitates a political crisis. Trade-union leader Lech Walesa, who has made no secret of his presidential ambitions, has been pushing for elections even earlier than next year, which is when the government proposes they be held. But Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki opposes moving up the date, arguing that a campaign now would distract attention from economic reforms...
...turnaround has been presided over by TASS Director General Leonid P. Kravchenko, 51, who took up his job 15 months ago, after serving as editor in chief of the trade-union newspaper Trud and as a top official at the state committee for television and radio. Sitting in his walnut-paneled office on the eighth floor of TASS headquarters, located just a few blocks east of the Kremlin, Kravchenko declares that there should no longer be any taboo subjects for TASS reporters. "We are going through our own perestroika here," he says. "I want our journalists to be known...
Through some eight hours of back-room combat, Strougal and his allies gradually broke down the resistance of Jakes holdouts, including trade-union representatives, while wooing the bloc from the Slovak republic, which was trying to boost its own influence. In exchange, the reformist camp had to make three concessions. They allowed two hard-liners, Prague party leader Miroslav Stepan and trade-union boss Miroslav Zavadil, to keep their Politburo seats. The five Slovak members of the Politburo also would retain their posts, including Jozef Lenart, despised for his collaboration with the Soviets in the post-invasion...
...turning point came in June, when Solidarity won an overwhelming victory in Poland's most open elections in four decades. The trade-union movement took all 161 seats it was allowed to contest in the Sejm, and 99 of the 100 seats in the Senate. Even so, the Communist Party and its allies, principally the United Peasants' Party and the Democratic Party, retained 299 seats in the 460-member Sejm through a reserved list...