Word: traded
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Even on a lesser scale, economic sanctions have usually backfired. Moscow's attempt to elbow Marshal Tito into line in 1948 only forced the Yugoslavian Communist leader to turn to the West for trade-and drove him further from the Stalinist camp. The Organization of African Unity's solemn pledge to boycott all South African goods has been a joke: Zambia gets at least half its consumer products from Johannesburg, and the government-owned airline of leftist Mali serves South African oranges to its passengers...
...cutting off his supply of oil and auto parts. But it was an assassin's bullet, not dollar pressure, that brought him down. Cuba's Fidel Castro, with massive support from Russia, has managed to survive six years of U.S. embargo. U.S. pressure to cut off all trade with Red China was another notable flop: Canada alone in the past six years has sold Peking a whopping $926 million worth of wheat...
Some bookmen feel that all that lettuce is not good for writers-besides being a lot of trouble for publishers. "Novelists are subsidized," says President Edward E. Booher of McGraw-Hill. "My trade editors have to run around constantly just to keep up with the big writers-getting big movie deals, big paperback deals. We pay them big money, and then we don't know whether their books are going to sell...
Nobody yet knows how mergers of this kind will affect trade-book publishing, though many bookmen are pessimistic. Roger Straus, president of Farrar, Straus & Giroux, envisions huge factories that will turn out books like sausages. Big publishers "are through as serious influences in literature," he says. William Jovanovitch of Harcourt, Brace disagrees. He believes, with many other experts, that television, for instance, "has increased the use of books by contributing to an ambiance of information, art and instruction. Greater assimilation of information means greater literacy, and greater literacy means greater use of the language. And that's good...
...current issue of The National Elementary Principal, a trade journal published by the National Education Association, devotes 47 pages to comparing the sexes. Its articles, written by educators, psychiatrists and researchers, point out that boys mature more slowly than girls - physically they are a year behind at the age of six, 18 months behind at nine. Boys are more susceptible to stress and trauma, as shown by higher death and illness rates in infancy; yet they are encouraged to be more aggressive, independent, outspoken and unemotional...