Word: trades
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...Great Britain and Ireland have 1,041 trade unions, whose development began in 1825. The 5,308,000 members (as of 1936) are roughly one-third of the workers eligible. About half the unions are grouped, for purposes of collective bargaining, into 63 federations. Most of the unions thus federated belong to a Trades Union Congress (comparable...
...Trade unions (which in Britain means associations of employers as well as of workers) enjoy not only a legal status but immunity from charges of "restraint of trade." The famed Trade Disputes & Trade Unions Act of 1927, inspired by the General Strike of 1926, outlaws only strikes by unions in one industry called in sympathy for discontented unions in another industry and calculated to coerce the Government. No union may be sued for a sympathetic strike within a given industry even though it is designed to coerce the Government. Thus, "for ordinary industrial strikes, the immunity of trade unions...
...does not 1) block traffic, 2) intimidate non-strikers, 3) lead to a breach of the peace. Result: "violence on the part of the workers, and provocative tactics on the part of the employers, have not for a long time played any significant part in industrial disturbances." C, British trade unions cannot incorporate but they may register, which gains them continuity of being and certain tax exemptions; or they can get a certificate, which gains no tax exemptions but proves title to a union's legal immunities for striking. Neither registration nor certification is required...
...Trade Boards," which the Minister may appoint in any trade which he considers lacks proper regulatory machinery. In 1938, trade boards were applied to the baking and road-making trades. Their job: to help employers and employes in those trades get organized...
...From a British commission's report of 1894 tne President's commission quoted: ". . . The most quarrelsome period of a trade's existence is when it is just emerging from the patriarchal condition in which each employer governs his establishment and deals with his own men with no outside interference, but has not yet fully entered into that other condition in which transactions take place between strong associations fully recognizing each other...