Word: trading
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...didn't work: the new law had no impact on the nation's trade deficit or manufacturing employment. While collecting billions of dollars in subsidies, corporate America continued to move manufacturing abroad. The merchandise trade deficit spiraled from $2 billion in 1971 to $67 billion...
When other countries complained that the program was an export subsidy--which it was--in violation of international trade agreements, Congress ditched it and set up FSCs. Our trading partners were happy; our corporations were happier, because the lawmakers forgave all the deferred taxes corporations had run up under the old program--a figure that then amounted to $13 billion...
Nevertheless, U.S. corporations have staunchly defended FSCs, saying they encourage exports and make American companies more competitive with foreign producers. Jeremy Preiss, chief international trade counsel for United Technologies Corp., testified before Congress last July that FSCs are "necessary to help level the playing field on which U.S. and foreign exporters compete." Further, say advocates of subsidizing exports, the U.S. is merely doing what other nations do through a range of helpful export measures. True enough. But European companies traditionally shoulder higher taxes than American companies and help sustain elaborate social-welfare systems of the sort the U.S. has never...
Furthermore, since the U.S. is a member of the World Trade Organization, it is obligated to resolve any subsidy issue before that body. That's exactly what the European Union attempted to do last November, when it filed a complaint with the WTO charging that FSCs are export subsidies and thus prohibited by world trading rules. The WTO has since appointed a dispute panel to hear the charge and make a recommendation...
...trade deficit, the object of these legislative exercises? The nation has run deficits in all but one of the 26 years since the tax breaks on export income were enacted in 1971. Total deficits for those years: $2.3 trillion...