Word: tradings
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...generation later the Japanese are discovering that the challenges of success can be just as tricky as the hardships of defeat. Now that the bionic yen has driven up the price of Japan's products in foreign markets and angry trade partners are threatening to obstruct those exports, the Japanese are trying to change once again. Government officials are looking to make the Japanese more voracious consumers, thus loosening dependence on exports and boosting demand for imports. Sacrifice is out, self-indulgence is in. The Japanese are being encouraged to work less, play more, save less, spend more and, while...
...Japanese have a new buzz word for this phenomenon: kokusai-ka (internationalization). Kokusai-ka refers to the host of efforts designed to deal with trade frictions, from opening the domestic market to foreigners to investing more heavily in public works, including bridges, highways and housing. The more philosophic interpret kokusai-ka as an end to Japan's historic attempt to remain separate from the world and the beginning of an opening of Japanese hearts and minds to the international community...
...anything non-Japanese, many experts feel that true kokusai-ka is a long way off. "Japanese culture hasn't changed a bit," says Researcher Kato. "It still persistently keeps anybody different out." Still, Japan's gradual opening cannot be ignored. It may be fleeting, a calculated response to edgy trade partners, or it may be enduring. Perhaps when the Japanese stop identifying themselves as different from the rest of the world and start seeing themselves as part of it, kokusai-ka will truly flourish...
...Japan since the end of World War II. It is the tiny microchip, a sophisticated bit of silicon that is the indispensable heart of the techtronic age, the raw material for everything from talking teddy bears to personal computers to intercontinental missiles. After the Reagan Administration imposed trade sanctions against Japan in an attempt to protect American makers of microchips, it suddenly looked last week as if the U.S. and Japan were headed for what could become a major trade row. In fact, Tokyo TV commentators described the event with the phrase Kaisen...
Sizable shock waves rattled around the world in the wake of the U.S. action, which was prompted by alleged Japanese cheating in the sale of the useful semiconductors and by Tokyo's alleged intransigent protection of its domestic microchip market. Partially in response to the specter of trade confrontation, the Dow Jones average of 30 industrial stocks sank 57.39 points as the week began, its third worst plunge in history. Yet the amazing 4 1/2- year bull market in stocks, fueled in part by billions of dollars in Japanese investment money, recovered quickly, and the Dow closed the week...