Word: tradings
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...million tons sold annually in the U.S. The justification was that the worldwide steel glut had forced many foreign governments to subsidize their mills, allowing them to charge artificially low prices in the U.S. In exchange for the VRAs, U.S. steelmakers agreed not to bring trade suits against overseas competitors and promised to plow excess cash into modernizing...
...then I think we can go back to trying to live without VRAs," he argues. Without the market stability the VRAs provide, Roderick contends, modernization would falter, bringing about "catastrophic" long-term consequences. The best solution, some experts suggest, is a compromise that would gradually wean the industry from trade barriers...
...merely made research more difficult in this crucial field. A 1987 report by the National Academy of Sciences estimated that the current level of export controls cost the economy 188,000 jobs and $9 billion a year and was a major factor contributing to the nation's record trade deficit...
Stopping this clandestine trade is almost impossible for agents of the Treasury Department's Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. The weapons are transported by car or truck, aboard trains or stashed in the cargo hold of interstate buses and planes. Federal agents even uncovered one shipment sent by United Parcel Service and labeled "sewing-machine parts." Most of the time they move unimpeded by the kinds of inspections imposed on shipments from outside the U.S. Until more uniformity can be established among state gun laws, gun smuggling on the interstates will remain a flourishing trade...
...their promise, ESOPs can mean sacrifices for workers. In many instances, employees accept wage concessions in return for their stock. The United Steelworkers of America has saved dozens of failing mills in such wage- for-stock trade-offs. In distressed industries faced with low-wage foreign competition, says James Smith, a U.S.W. staffer in Pittsburgh, "one of the ways American workers can compete is by having some investment income along with a lower labor income." But an ESOP is no guarantee that a company will thrive. Despite its stock plan, New Jersey's Hyatt Clark Industries, a ball- bearing maker...