Word: transistor
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Crowding into Seals Stadium, the fans wore the jaunty black-and-orange baseball caps of the home-town San Francisco Giants. Market Street intersections were ablare with car radios tuned to "the game.'' Even at Oklahoma! the playgoers showed up with transistor sets, listening with earplugs, and at nearby San Quentin the warden postponed the lights-out of 11:15 p.m. until the Giants had won an extra-inning game. It was the same in Los Angeles, 350 miles to the southeast. At a rocket test site, an engineer could barely wait for the blast of an Atlas...
...proper perspective on the development of science in countries such as China, we shall not be able to act rationally, and will surely suffer a rude awakening in the not too distant future." ¶Bell Labs' Walter H. Brattain (1956 prize-co-inventor of the transistor) said that before World War II the U.S. was "a nation that offered asylum to independent and nonconformist thinking individuals," but after the war the Government went on classifying "anything that might possibly aid an enemy"-a program that discouraged "top scientific men who might otherwise have come to our country." Concluded Brattain...
Japan's fast-growing electronics industry scored a notable success. Under a threeyear, $8,000,000 contract, Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co. began turning out upward of 75,000 transistor radios, 800,000 transistors, and 1,000,000 vacuum tubes annually for International General Electric, to be resold under the I.G.E. name in Europe, Asia and Africa. I.G.E. was the second major U.S. electronics company to decide to make a deal this year with the Japanese. In April Motorola put on sale in the U.S. a $29.95 shirt-pocket-size transistor radio with most of its parts made in Japan...
Japan's success is based mainly upon low wages and high skills. The typical Japanese transistor worker is a deft-fingered, teen-aged girl, accumulating a dowry and delighted to work for $23.34 a month and dormitory space. Furthermore, the Japanese have successfully overcome their greatest drawback, the tendency to export poor-quality goods. The government refuses to license substandard products. Individual Japanese companies are even more exacting. Hitachi, Ltd. of Tokyo, one of the leading makers, recalled an entire U.S. shipment because one plastic case color ran slightly...
Sharing the Business. Father of the Japanese industry is Masaru Ibuka. 51, a prewar movie sound technician who in 1948 set up what is now the Sony Corp. to make tape recorders and other sound equipment. Hearing of the development of transistors at Bell Telephone Laboratories, Ibuka produced laboratory samples, brought them to the U.S. to arrange the first Japanese transistor-patent licensing agreement. While many U.S. electronics men concentrated on industrial and military uses of transistors. Ibuka went after the consumer market, started the Japanese fad for miniature radios, eventually attracted some 100 competitors into the field...