Word: transplanter
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...three, working independently, have been studying a group of genes that are intimately linked to the body's immune response. Snell, 76, of the Jackson Laboratory at Bar Harbor, Me., laid the groundwork with studies using mice. Attempting to transplant first tumor cells and then normal tissue, he discovered that the success of the operations depended on protein molecules on the surface of cells. These proteins, called antigens, have characteristic shapes and structures, but combinations differ from individual to individual. Snell found that the more antigens the subjects had in common, the more likely was the graft to take...
Because antibodies can seek out even minute amounts of a foreign substance, they are an extremely valuable medical tool. Doctors can use them to match donor and recipients for everything from blood transfusions to kidney and heart transplants; if antibodies from the potential recipient "recognize" anything in the donated tissue as "foreign," the chances are that the transplant will be rejected. In the future, doctors foresee many other uses for antibodies as well, possibly including a cancer therapy...
...infection. The first of these mice was an unexpected mutation, which was then bred to other mice in the Charles River labs. Now the company turns out more than 250,000 of these beasts annually. They are especially useful in cancer research because they will not reject a tumor transplant like other laboratory animals. Unfortunately, they will not reject any other diseases either, and so they must be raised in a totally germ-free environment; researchers have to scrub down and wear face masks before entering the breeding lab. Because the care is expensive, the bare rodent sells...
...years since, Merigan and his Stanford team have successfully used IF to treat shingles and chicken pox in cancer patients. In other studies, IF has prevented the recurrence of CMV, a chronic viral disease that sometimes endangers newborn babies and kidney- transplant patients. Israeli doctors have also used IF eyedrops to combat a contagious and incapacitating viral eye infection commonly known as "pink eye." Researchers are now trying a combination of IF and the antiviral drug ara-A in patients with chronic hepatitis B infections. Interferon investigators have high hopes that the drug will be equally active against other viral...
When Yeshiva Student Jesper Jehoshua Sloma, 23, was killed by an Arab sniper last month in Hebron on Israel's occupied West Bank, a three-doctor panel at Jerusalem's Hadassah Hospital authorized the transplant of his kidneys to save two patients. Many Israelis were incensed that one of the recipients was a twelve-year-old Arab girl wearing a Palestine Liberation Organization bracelet, but the transplant particularly offended many Orthodox Jews. To them, religious law forbids tampering with corpses in any way, either by transplants or autopsies, and last week they pursued their campaign to outlaw autopsies...