Word: transplanting
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...latter seeping through to the body, causing pressure to build in the lungs and stretching the lung tissue. In the U.S., the defect is usually closed up right away, but in the developing world children often grow up with the hole. Until now, the solution was a heart/lung transplant, which has a high mortality rate. Batista suggests constricting the pulmonary artery to restrict the amount of oxygenated blood flowing back into the lungs, thus enabling the lungs to relax and heal themselves. Again, he believes the body will operate well only if its organs are in proper proportion...
...into spheres, each the size of a coarsely ground speck of pepper. Gabrielian added several of these odd-looking constructs to a culture dish that also contained fetal RPE cells. Within 24 hours, the cells attached themselves to these motes of material and started to grow. Then the researchers transplanted the spheres into the eyes of rabbits, positioning them just beneath the retina. The RPE cells did not stay put; instead they migrated throughout the eye. This suggested that it should be possible to position a transplant at a safe distance from the macula and still get therapeutic results...
...team made progress on one front, Ernest grew increasingly worried about the immune system's response to the transplants. Contrary to what many had supposed, fetal RPE cells did not behave as if they were immunologically neutral. In experiments in Sweden, for example, transplanted cells were rejected. And Ernest's team found that adding fetal RPE cells to laboratory cultures sent white blood cells, which attack transplanted tissue, into overdrive. Curiously, however, adding even greater numbers of RPE cells to the culture appeared to force the white blood cells into a quiescent state, thus lowering the chances of rejection. Pearl...
...University of Chicago's MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, for advice. As Siegler and many others saw it, there were no insurmountable barriers to the use of fetal tissue for medical purposes. After all, organs and tissue from brain-dead children and adults are donated for transplantation all the time. And while such deaths are tragic, they are caused not in order to obtain the organs but by events, such as automobile accidents, over which transplant teams have no control. Abortion, advised Siegler, could be viewed as another such tragic event...
...when a friend asked them to help a family member with leukemia. They underwent initial blood tests, known as HLA typing, for a series of four genetically determined traits that, along with two more traits tested at a second level, must closely match those of the patient for a transplant to be accepted by the body. Neither Teri Majewski nor her husband matched, but they let the American Bone Marrow Donor Registry keep their records...