Word: trialing
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...thing, the dose of vitamin D supplementation used in the trial, 400 IUs, was relatively low. In the years since the study began in 1993, nutritionists have learned much more about the critical role that vitamin D plays in a wide range of cellular functions, and many now recommend up to 2,000 IUs daily for adults. Most people get very little vitamin D from their diet - the richest sources of the vitamin are dairy products and green leafy vegetables - so supplementation is the only way to reach recommended levels. "Four hundred IUs is just not a lot," says...
...were allowed to continue taking their vitamin D supplements for bone health (some were taking up to 600 IUs per day), which could explain why there was little difference between the two groups in breast-cancer rates. "This is a potential problem that confounds the results of this particular trial," says Dr. Powel Brown, a professor of medicine at Baylor College of Medicine and author of an editorial accompanying the study. "But it's not really ethical to tell postmenopausal women not to take vitamin D or calcium, because we know it protects against hip fractures." Future studies, he says...
Those studies might expose other factors affecting vitamin D levels that the WHI trial was not designed to track. Exposure to sunlight, for example, boosts vitamin D production in the body, and in the WHI trial, the women with the highest levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D tended to be the leanest and most physically active, suggesting that they might spend more time outdoors...
Experts wonder whether the trial lasted long enough to uncover any benefit on breast-cancer rates. Breast cancer typically develops over a long period, anywhere from five to 20 years, and researchers believe that vitamin D's effect on curbing cancer-cell growth may be most powerful in the disease's early stages. That means that the cancers picked up in the seven-year WHI study may have already progressed beyond any potential to be influenced by the vitamin D supplementation. "This is an important study, and a well-done study, but the major question of whether vitamin...
...some of these new faces, the regular season will be a trial by fire, as Zack Pope (125), Walter Peppelman (149), and Sean Murphy (197) will impact the starting lineup immediately. As daunting as the task may seem, Weiss praised his captains for their work as role models and advisors in helping untested grapplers feel at home...