Word: tribalization
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...stroke of midnight next Monday, a 101-gun salute will mark the independence of the Transkei, a Denmark-sized territory on the eastern coast of South Africa. There will be tribal dancing, fireworks, feasting and bonfires, as there were to mark the birth of more than 40 African nations that have become independent in the past two decades. The difference is that in the eyes of most of the world, the independence of the Transkei- the first of the nine black tribal homelands that South Africa intends to set up as separate states-is a device by which Pretoria hopes...
...South Africa's nine homelands, or tribal reserves assigned to blacks, the Transkei will thus remain a stepchild of the white-supremacy government of Pretoria. Though its gross national product ($120 million) and per capita income ($130) exceed those of a dozen independent African states, the figures are misleading. Three-quarters of the Transkei's annual operating budget is contributed by South Africa, and 70% of its national income consists of remittances from members of the Xhosa tribe who work "abroad"-in the mines, factories and farms of white South Africa -as migrant laborers. Admits a black civil...
Coat of Arms. Superstition and tribal customs still abound in the Transkei, though there are many signs of modernization. The lobola (bride price) was once reckoned only in cows (ten was the average). Today transistor radios are increasingly acceptable as a partial substitute, and so are Western-style clothes. Livestock farming is the main occupation, but there are factories for making matches, textiles and cutlery. A university is planned that will ultimately cost $80 million (though at present only 6% of all Transkeian children reach secondary school). The territory even has a new coat of arms-two leopards, a bull...
Haley's genealogical search took him back to West Africa. In Gambia he encountered an aged griot-a, tribal oral historian-who traced Haley's lineage back centuries before Kunta Kinte was snatched by slavers in 1767. The emotional impact of hearing his forebears named cannot be overestimated. Roots' opening section, a fictionalization of Kunta's birth, Moslem upbringing and manhood rites, have a vividness of detail that only the impassioned imagination can provide. Consider this for example...
...N.C.C. offers 23 courses in the Navajo language, history and culture. Students learn from Indian teachers how to shape clay without a wheel, sew moccasins with sheep sinews or shape baskets with sumac fibers. Andrew Natonabah is one of four medicine men who teach Navajo psychology, medicine, dances and tribal lore, and who often cure mentally disturbed students "by dancing them free of evil spirits." Says he: "When they leave here, our students understand more about their culture and are better prepared to meet the white man's world...