Word: tribalization
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...bestselling work of fiction in the U.S. for the new year of 1974 turns out to be a fine, small, odd book set in a Canadian Indian village. It was written more than eight years ago, and considering the delay, one might assume that the manuscript, scribbled by some tribal chieftain, had perhaps moldered under a totem pole until discovered by a nosy anthropologist or Royal Canadian Mountie. Not so. The author is an energetic, white-haired American woman, now 72, named Margaret Craven. The history of her book, from benign neglect to some national celebrity, offers wry commentary...
...water, deep, fir-trimmed inlets, returning salmon, foraging killer whales, overwhelming beauty and, for the once proud Kwakiutls, overwhelming sadness. Even the young are not sure they can face going "outside" to school and trying to live like white men. But they all know that the old tribal ways are dying...
...food is customarily spread with a kind of butter called gleena, made from slow-boiled candlefish, and is convinced that the elders mysteriously know whenever a stranger is coming. The Book of Common Prayer and Indian rituals reinforce each other as Mark helps the Kwakiutls transfer their tribal dead from a dilapidated tree-house burial site to newly hallowed ground...
That is no easy prescription for Africa's most populous nation. Its nearly 70 million people are divided into three major ethnic groups-the Yorubas, Hausas and Ibos-and some 250 tribal offshoots. To reduce the power of the dominant tribes, Gowon, who belongs to the small Anga tribe, split Nigeria's four federal regions into twelve states. He allows them to handle their internal affairs but intervenes discreetly to make sure all tribes are consulted on local government decisions. Although Gowon rose to power as strongman of an army coup eight years ago, he believes that...
...galvanize his people into any sustained effort at economic development, and for tolerating a certain amount of influence peddling among his subordinates. It is also true that he has not made much headway against the endemic corruption that pervades every aspect of Nigerian life. Yet, given the fanatical tribal hatreds and the incrusted corruption he faces, Gowon has proved to be an effective and sympathetic leader. To his critics, he promises that he will hold elections and return the country to civilian rule in 1976. Then, he insists, he will retire to private life in his barracks...