Word: tribalization
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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That's a grim warning for people in many of the world's flash points, from Cambodia to Mexico to Bosnia. But it is also a call for increased vigilance from the international community and a move away from the widely held view that tribalism is unavoidable. Visiting Rwanda last month, President Clinton acknowledged that the 1994 bloodletting was "certainly not the result of ancient tribal struggles...All over the world, there were people like me sitting in offices, day after day, who did not fully appreciate the depth and speed with which you were being engulfed...
...Clinton is there, for so long--12 days, six countries--and with such a huge entourage of businessmen, politicians and press, is a telling new message. Sunning himself in the glowing welcomes he encountered everywhere, Clinton showed off his best self: his comfort in clapping to the beat of tribal music, the sparkle in his eyes as he reached out to people in the crowds. Dressed in a dark suit among a gathering of Africa's new leaders at Entebbe in Uganda, he conveyed the dignified persona of the world's unchallenged leader--or top CEO. Stripped to shirtsleeves...
...part of Senegal, Gambia, Guinea and Mauritania, the legendary land of gold and learning, grower of cotton, source of salt, trader across the Sahara to all the countries of Europe. Almost 700 years later, the Republic of Mali found itself the fourth poorest country in the world, destroyed by tribal and religious wars, colonialism, crashing commodity prices, soaring fuel prices, bad weather, bad governments...
...photographed violence and war close up from El Salvador to Chechnya, but one of my nearest brushes with death came in South Africa during Nelson Mandela's 1994 presidential campaign. A large convoy of militant, ultra-right-wing Afrikaners had invaded the tribal homeland of Bophuthatswana to prop up the last vestiges of minority rule. Two colleagues and I were approaching a convoy of Afrikaners shooting at civilians when our car was fired on. We drove away--only to run into a fire fight between the Afrikaners and the Bophuthatswana army. We took cover behind our car. About 30 yards...
...People's Tragedy (Viking) In this tale of what went wrong with the Russian Revolution, Cambridge historian Orlando Figes deals vividly with starvation, disease, tribal hatreds, sociopathic bloodlust, religious mania, governmental terrorism and most other sources of human misery. Plus, Figes argues, stupidity ruled the times, quite literally in the stiff presence of Czar Nicholas II. A smarter leader might have led to a better 20th century...