Word: tribalization
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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Stories like these are being repeated across the tribal region of Pakistan, a rugged no-man's-land that forms the country's border with Afghanistan--and that is rapidly becoming home base for a new generation of potential terrorists. Fueled by zealotry and hardened by war, young religious extremists have overrun scores of towns and villages in the border areas, with the intention of imposing their strict interpretation of Islam on a population unable to fight back. Like the Taliban in the late 1990s in Afghanistan, the jihadists are believed to be providing leaders of al-Qaeda with...
...purpose in the pretty southeastern Afghanistan farming town was to report a story about cross-border terrorism. About 13 miles away, in Pakistan's North Waziristan tribal agency, lies Mir Ali, near which several Taliban training camps are said to be based. "That's the center of international terrorism," said our host Hajji Faisel Rahman Muslim. Whether or not that's true, many Khost residents are convinced that the town is the Qaeda headquarters responsible for the plague of suicide bombings (some 20 this year) that have rocked Khost...
...peace accord signed last September with tribal leaders in North Waziristan, the Pakistani government agreed to scale down its operations in the area if local militants would refrain from attacking government troops and would end cross-border raids into Afghanistan. On that front, the agreement has clearly failed - cross-border attacks have increased threefold since September, according to U.S. military officials. Many of those have been bomb attacks on government officials and police officers in provincial capitals such as Khost. Last year, Hajji Muslim was nearly killed by a remote-detonated IED that blew apart his car and left...
...Ndavi, whose capitalization today is nearly $1 million, offers loan values at a level beyond typical microcredit operations, which are sometimes criticized as the purview of First World do-gooders helping Third World women market tribal shawls. The handful of institutions like it are the first real banking system most rural Mexicans have ever known. In developed countries there are usually fewer than 2,000 people per bank branch. In Oaxaca the number is 38,000, according to AMUCSS. Mexico's big banks have failed to help. The few large banks that make up Mexico's financial oligopoly have...
...cancer eating the entire continent. Beginning with the first successful coup in sub-Saharan Africa, in Togo in 1963, at least 200 attempts were made to seize power in Africa over the following four decades; 80 or so were successful. Bitter civil wars erupted, some of them tribal struggles for natural resources, some of them prompted by foreign powers. By the 1970s, Africa had become one of the hottest fronts in the cold war. "We had lots of fears. There was no freedom of speech," says Kwame, about the time of troubles. "You go about, and you see the army...