Word: tribalization
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...British, trying to hold together an ethnic patchwork of a colony, knew too well the perils of Burma's tribal politics. They resorted to divide-and-conquer schemes, much as the current military regime has done. Intense negotiations by the junta led to many ethnic insurgencies laying down their guns in the 1980s and '90s - and opened up a vast territory for resource exploitation. But as the inequities between the Burmese majority and the tribal groups - the Arakanese, the Shan, the Kachin, the Karen, the Mon, the Wa and the Chin, to name a few - yawns ever wider, the chance...
...inequity is straining the network of fragile cease-fires in tribal areas. "We have sent many letters registering our complaints to the government, but we haven't heard back," says Colonel Gun Maw. Not hearing back from the Burmese junta is something to which the spokesman for the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) is accustomed. An ethnically based movement in northern Burma's Kachin state, the KIO waged a long insurgency against the Burmese regime before signing a peace treaty in 1994. Most Kachin are Christian, and they believe their faith makes them particularly vulnerable to persecution by the exclusively Buddhist...
Iraq's tribes may hold one of the keys that will give this place a chance at putting its past behind it. While the tribal dynamic does not extend throughout the country, especially in more urban centers or among Christian communities, much of the fighting came from tribal elements, both Sunni and Shi'ite. Tribal reconciliation is an age-old mechanism for resolving disputes. When the leader of a tribe speaks, if he says he has reconciled with another or with the government, his word is law, and all members of that tribe fall in line. That...
...destroy it, the population must actively turn against subversive elements within it, and either fight or flush them out in the same way that Sunni tribal sheiks in Anbar switched sides and allied with the Americans against al-Qaeda in their province, a movement known as the Sahwa. That hasn't happened yet, General Brown says, because Mosul's diverse makeup has proved difficult to foster such a movement. The Anbar Sahwa fell into line behind tribal sheiks, whose word is law, but Nineveh is not exclusively a tribal society...
...offering the other 99% of Britons a chance to run, The Jury Team intends to boost representation of people from outside traditional party ranks and end the tribal politics that they believe dominates Parliament; currently, only five Independents sit in the 646-member House of Commons. To bolster its image as the anti-party party, the Jury Team has no manifesto and espouses no central policy. Its name, organizers say, reflects that juries made up of regular people can make decisions about complex problems with integrity and without any vested interests - qualities the Team feels carry more weight than does...