Word: tribalization
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...there is no doubting the effectiveness of their terror tactics. In November, on the vital highway between Tarin Kowt and Kandahar, capital of the adjacent province, five Afghan police manning Australian-built checkpoints were killed and their corpses strung up as a warning against collaboration with the authorities. Tribal elders say the only way to travel the road safely now is in a secure convoy organized by police...
...Rewood bases, people complain that the ISAF does not have the resources to protect them. Some say the Dutch seem reluctant to leave their bases, but the Netherlands force - aimed more at reconstruction than fighting - lacks the manpower to do all that locals ask of it. Deh Rewood tribal elder Ghulam Farooq says lack of security has driven many residents away. "We could control our district if the Dutch would just send two tanks, one on each hill," he says. "Then we would fight the Taliban." Dutch commanders say they cannot supply tribesmen with arms. Instead, they encourage them...
...Tribal elder Haji Obeidullah claims the Dutch troops should have arrived much sooner and came only when the situation turned critical. "It was only when the tribes came to [local police chief Toor Abdullah's] aid that he was saved," he says. "People are calling the Dutch cowards." It's not the first time the Dutch have heard such criticism. But it's unfounded, says Lieutenant Colonel Wilfred Rietdijk, leader of the Provincial Reconstruction Team. "For months we've been fighting every week - planned and forced," he says. "We've heard all kinds of things: other coalition troops come here...
Relieved, I handed the flag to an old man in the crowd - he was dressed like a tribal sheikh and had a kindly, weathered face. Through my translator, I told him that the flag belonged to Iraq, not Saddam. The old man turned to his neighbors and had a quick, whispered conversation. Then he gave the flag back to me. "You saved the flag," he said, in Arabic. "So you should have...
Ultimately, the emergence of a more peaceful, prosperous Africa depends on Africans themselves. That provides the strongest case for optimism. Some of Africa's most thriving states are places that recently seemed beyond hope. Rwanda, where tribal violence escalated into genocide in 1994, is reviving with relatively little corruption and subsiding tribalism. The IMF expects Liberia, shattered by civil war from 1989 to 1996 and again from 1999 to 2003, to post economic growth of 13.3% this year. There is hope for Kenya too. After all, the majority of Kenyans chose not to join in the tribal violence. Many civil...