Word: tribalization
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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Maria Lopez, 59, a tribal matriarch, assesses Royero's work with the eye of a seasoned businesswoman--and for good reason. She knows that if the plant has commercial value, Venezuelan law may soon give the Piaroa rights for compensation from drug companies, which would have to recognize what the community calls its intellectual property. In years past, says Lopez, "we always gave up our medicines without any economic gain for ourselves. We won't make that mistake again...
...America to Southeast Asia as bountiful sources of new treatments for cancer, AIDS and other diseases. According to the U.S. National Cancer Institute, more than 25% of the ingredients in cancer medicines today were either discovered in rain forests or synthesized in labs from discoveries made there. But the tribal shamans, who lead corporate and academic researchers to therapeutic flora and fauna, rarely see a penny of the pharmaceutical industry's profits--which are the highest of any business in the world as a percentage of revenues (18.5% last year on U.S. revenues of $179 billion...
...That hope has now evaporated. In October, the T.F.G.'s inability to rise above tribal rivalries was laid bare when internal feuds culminated in President Yusuf Abdullah's firing of his Prime Minister, Ali Mohammed Gedi. This month, fighting between Ethiopian troops and Somali insurgents again erupted in Mogadishu, prompting tens more thousands of refugees to desert the capital. In scenes reminiscent of the 1993 battle between U.S. troops and a Somali militia, the bodies of two dead Ethiopian soldiers were dragged through the streets...
...meantime, while Bhutto was addressing the crowd, a suicide bomber in the northern city of Peshawar, bordering Pakistan's restive tribal areas, detonated himself at the residence of a government minister, killing four. When Musharraf declared emergency rule last week, he cited the threat of religious extremists. Of course, suicide bombers are easier to prevent in hindsight, but it cannot be overlooked that while government security forces focused all their attention today on one woman calling for democracy, terrorists scored one more victory for their cause...
...COUNTRY The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is made up of 165 million people, divided among several tribal and linguistic groups, united only by its military and by Islam - and that in many different stripes of tradition, conservatism and modernity. Pakistan and its military leaders were key allies of the U.S., supporting the mujaheddin war in Afghanistan against the Soviet Union after Moscow invaded and occupied that country. That Afghan war, which ended with the Soviet defeat in 1989, assumed a religious nature in the Islamic world and, as it came to a close, fostered the rise of Osama bin Laden...