Word: tribalization
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...regularly traveled around the area to speak with business and tribal leaders in order to gather data and gain a better feel for the country’s economic conditions...
...that movement, Nelson Mandela, in fact turned out to be one of the few great giants of the twentieth century. (It’s still embarrassing to remember that the wise men of the College, President Derek C. Bok chief among them, placed their bets instead on the avaricious tribal leader Mangosothu Buthelezi.) When Mandela was finally freed, one of his first trips abroad was to visit the American universities to thank those who had worked for divestiture. I’m not given to much sentimentality about the best-years-of-our-lives-etc., but it did make...
...hardest thing for a Marine to do." One cultural lesson the Marines have learned is that what appears to American eyes to be corruption - bribes paid, money skimmed off the top of construction projects - is simply standard operating procedure in an area dominated by family connections and tribal networks. "People get it wrapped around the axle because these guys aren't exactly Jack Webb types: 'Just the facts,'" said Gové. "They may be taking something on the side." But the goal is to create functioning security forces that are accepted by residents here, not to create a force that...
...security forces take the lead. In Baghdad and other centers of sectarian violence, where the security forces are riddled with militiamen and where Shi'ites patrol hostile Sunni neighborhoods, that hope is more like a fantasy. But in al Qaim, foreign jihadists not too long ago antagonized local Sunni tribal leaders; and now the Americans have used that local history to win cooperation from the same maligned tribes, recruiting personnel for the Iraqi army and police. "It's in our best interest to train them and trust them," Vistek says. "We've got their back whether they know...
...rejected by L. Paul Bremer's Coalition Provisional Authority on the grounds that "tribes are part of the past. They have no place in the new democratic Iraq." The damage caused by that myopic stupidity may never be repaired: it gave al-Qaeda a base in the Sunni tribal areas, which enabled the sustained, spectacular anti-Shi'ite bombing campaign, which, along with the Sunnis' historic disdain for the Shi'ite majority, created the conditions for the current civil war. "Just because the Sunni tribesmen have joined with us in Anbar doesn't mean they like the Baghdad government...