Word: tribalization
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...That hope has now evaporated. In October, the T.F.G.'s inability to rise above tribal rivalries was laid bare when internal feuds culminated in President Yusuf Abdullah's firing of his Prime Minister, Ali Mohammed Gedi. This month, fighting between Ethiopian troops and Somali insurgents again erupted in Mogadishu, prompting tens more thousands of refugees to desert the capital. In scenes reminiscent of the 1993 battle between U.S. troops and a Somali militia, the bodies of two dead Ethiopian soldiers were dragged through the streets...
...meantime, while Bhutto was addressing the crowd, a suicide bomber in the northern city of Peshawar, bordering Pakistan's restive tribal areas, detonated himself at the residence of a government minister, killing four. When Musharraf declared emergency rule last week, he cited the threat of religious extremists. Of course, suicide bombers are easier to prevent in hindsight, but it cannot be overlooked that while government security forces focused all their attention today on one woman calling for democracy, terrorists scored one more victory for their cause...
...COUNTRY The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is made up of 165 million people, divided among several tribal and linguistic groups, united only by its military and by Islam - and that in many different stripes of tradition, conservatism and modernity. Pakistan and its military leaders were key allies of the U.S., supporting the mujaheddin war in Afghanistan against the Soviet Union after Moscow invaded and occupied that country. That Afghan war, which ended with the Soviet defeat in 1989, assumed a religious nature in the Islamic world and, as it came to a close, fostered the rise of Osama bin Laden...
...spoke of her childhood sexual abuse, she became a goddess in a society convinced that it's good to talk. While thousands of courageous Muslims regularly speak out on taboo subjects, the reception is often not so warm. Five years ago, Mukhtar Mai, a Pakistani gang-rape victim, defied tribal custom by taking her rapists to court. In the West, she won plaudits and prizes, but in Pakistan, her legal struggle against her accused rapists continues, and she has been widely denounced as having shamed her country abroad...
...September 2001, Bush gave Musharraf a stark choice: he was either with the U.S. or against it. Musharraf chose to help, and Pakistan played an important part in tracking down key terrorist leaders as well as fighting al-Qaeda and the Taliban in the rugged mountains and lawless tribal areas along the border with Afghanistan. But whether through lack of will or lack of ability, Pakistan's army has struggled to keep up the fight--despite massive injections of cash and weapons from...