Word: tribalized
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...sense built into the Constitution right alongside its ennobling visions of governance. The Founding Fathers viewed Indians as foreigners who shared the continent, not citizens whose rights required enumeration and protection. While women were disenfranchised by assumption, and blacks by infamously intricate calculation, Indians were excluded flat out. Tribal Indians were not to be counted when figuring the representation or the taxes required from each state. Article I empowered Congress to regulate commerce "with the Indian Tribes." The power proved to be all but unfettered. In almost 400 treaties with various tribes, the U.S. predatorily acquired nearly 1 billion acres...
Inside the center, however, the Great Council of Chiefs, which is made up of some 150 tribal leaders and officials who advise the government on internal affairs, was not enjoying developments. They were looking for a way out of the worst crisis in the country's history. Then, in the next few days, Fiji suffered through widespread racial violence between native Fijians and Indians...
Until the gold strike three years ago, the Salesians' placid principality resembled the 18th century Jesuit compounds in Paraguay that are celebrated in the film The Mission. The Indians' spiritual traditions provided a foundation for the Salesian priests and nuns who supplanted the tribal shamans. The Salesians stressed education and introduced infirmaries, orchards and craft workshops. The Indians became heavily dependent upon the mission, which bartered or bought handicrafts and art, resold them to outsiders and used most of the proceeds to maintain the church's services...
Though the Salesians deny it, critics say Dom Miguel meddled in tribal politics to advance pro-mission Indians, threatened excommunication for those who disobeyed and even controlled access to the military planes that until lately provided the only transportation in and out of the area. A fervent anti-Communist and admirer of the military, Dom Miguel belongs to the minority of Brazil's bishops who oppose left-wing liberation theology, which follows Marxist-style analysis of social oppression...
...Secretary General U Thant feared that befriending the Biafrans would undermine his status with Nigeria and other member nations that felt threatened by tribal secession. Great Britain had extensive economic ties to her former colony and envisioned huge profits for British petroleum interests from the oil deposits recently discovered under Nigeria's Eastern Region--Biafra. Small wonder, then, that Prime Minister Harold Wilson "remarked that if a million lbos had to die to preserve the unity of Nigeria, well, that was not too high a price...