Word: tribalized
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...SICKLE-shaped expanse on the Horn of Africa, stretches across an unforgiving desert, arid and commanding. For centuries nomads have crossed and recrossed the territory in search of food and water. Akin in language and religion, this homogeneous people should have been destined to live in unity, without the tribal strife that tears apart other African countries. But limited natural resources and internal disputes have historically kept stability at a distance, and the clans of Somalia have regularly battled one another into a state of anarchy...
...moved to weep, but rather to feel anger and disgust. This is not tragedy. The word tragedy would give this business too much moral elevation. What has happened in Bosnia is just squalor and barbarism -- the filthy work of liars and cynics manipulating tribal prejudices, using atrocity propaganda and old blood feuds to accomplish the unclean political result of "ethnic cleansing." The displacement of a million innocent civilians, turned into refugees, is not a consequence of the war, but precisely the purpose of the war. It has worked...
Karadzic, the Balkan commando-psychiatrist, explains, "This war is a continuation of World War II -- the same families, the same revenge." Everyone agrees about that. After the war, Tito and communism merely suppressed the blood hatreds. Tribal memory and the fierce dynamic of revenge went into a kind of holding pattern for nearly 50 years. With the collapse of communism, all the terrible deeds committed during World War II (and World War I, for that matter) came streaming back, demanding vengeance. The Croats' alliance with Hitler, and the savage enthusiasm of the Croatian ultra- nationalist organization Ustashi in slaughtering Serbs...
...lands rather than leasing them out to non- Indians for negligible revenues. Today the 600-member tribe takes in profits of more than $1 million a year by growing crops on 16,500 acres. About 175 Ak-Chins work on the land or in community government; the tribal unemployment rate is 3%. The Ak-Chins accept federal funds only for housing loans. To become even more self-sufficient, the tribe has plans to start manufacturing operations and perhaps casinos...
...Alumni Bulletin of January 19, 1916, read: "It was simply that he believed in the college, knew what it had meant in the life of one man bearing his name, and wished it to mean the same in the life of other Murphys. It was a fine, impersonal, yet tribal wish and is worthy of all honor...