Word: tribalized
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...squadron of South African Impala jets thundered through the skies over the new Independence Stadium in Thohoyandou, as tribal dancers raised clouds of red dust with their rhythmic exhortations to ancestral spirits. At the stroke of midnight, South Africa's top-hatted President Marais Viljoen strode down a red carpet to announce a "great historic event, the birth of a new state." At his side stood Chief Patrick Mphephu, 54, a small, diffident man with a fifth-grade education, who was soon to become the Executive President of the Republic of Venda, a Delaware-sized region tucked...
Venda is the third member of that "constellation" of black states envisioned by the late Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd as the keystone to the edifice of apartheid. Enacted into law in 1959, the homelands plan calls for the establishment of ten purportedly independent black states divided along tribal lines and scattered across South Africa. When complete, the scheme would crowd all of the blacks, who make up more than 80% of the South African population, onto a mere 15% of the land. The rest of the country, including most of its mineral wealth and all of its industrial regions, would...
...amount of economic aid can mask the racial basis of the scheme, which strips millions of blacks of their South African nationality as their tribal homelands become independent. The logical result of the plan, in the candid analysis of the former Cabinet Minister in charge of black affairs, Cornelius Mulder, is that "there will not be one black man with South African citizenship...
Homeland independence was long opposed by Venda's new President Mphephu, who has headed the tribal territory since 1962. But Mphephu apparently turned an about-face last year after Pretoria helped him outmaneuver some opposition leaders who threatened to overthrow him. Invoking South African emergency laws, Mphephu jailed 50 persons, including eleven members of the parliamentary opposition...
...Nkomo and Mugabe would sweep free elections in an independent Zimbabwe; other observers are not so sure. It is possible that the long-standing military and political rivalry between ZAPU and ZANU, the two wings of the Front, might create confusion if Nkomo and Mugabe were to run together. Tribal rivalries would also play a role, since Nkomo is a Karanga and Mugabe a Zezeru. Besides, accepting a cease-fire without necessarily gaining power through elections would damage morale among Front troops, potentially weakening the insurgent leaders' only sure source of power. Finally, the rising number of civilian casualties brought...