Word: tryptophan
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...victims of mongolism, who suffer varying degrees of mental retardation, have 47 chromosomes. Dr. Lejeune also reported recently that mongoloids have a metabolic abnormality that works in the opposite way from phenylketonuria. Partly because of the extra chromosome, their systems produce too much of an enzyme that breaks down tryptophan, an essential component of proteins involved in the functioning of the brain. Dr. Lejeune's award: $8,333, plus $25,000 for research...