Word: tsai
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Tihwa (pop. 50,000), the capital of Sinkiang Province, turned out thousands of Chinese, Mohammedans, Uigurs, Uzbeks, Kazaks and Kueihuas to greet the highest U.S. official who had ever visited that dot in vast Chinese Turkestan. In preparation for the great day, the Governor,General Sheng Shih-tsai, laid in a fresh supply of toothbrushes, tongue-scrapers, and ear-cleaners, had the columns of his house freshly painted, took a U.S. Embassy attaché down a flight of stairs to show him the only flush toilet in all Sinkiang (600,000 sq. mi.). Proudly Governor Sheng pulled the chain...
...winter of 1934 Sheng Shih-tsai, a Manchurian-born Chinese officer who had assumed dictatorship of the province, was beleaguered in the provincial capital at Urumchi. Outside the city's walls, in the bitter cold, young Ma Chung-ying's troops were slaughtering and torturing Chinese refugees. Cut off, separated from the Central Government by over 1,500 miles of desert and mountains, Sheng had two choices: to surrender himself and his troops to certain butchery; or to accept aid where he could find...
...Moslem revolt was not thoroughly quelled until the fall of 1937. By that time Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's far distant Central Government was at war with Japan and all its energy was absorbed. For Sheng Shih-tsai, the problem was simple. He represented the minority race in a vast region surcharged with racial and religious tension; his immense fear of Japanese imperialism grew as Japan drove farther and farther into the heart of Asia. Without help, he could not maintain himself. Thus, from 1934 to 1942. he leaned ever more heavily on the U.S.S.R...
...protect himself from another Moslem attack from Kansu, Sheng Shih-tsai invited the Russians to set up a Red Army garrison at Kami. A full regiment of Russian troops was stationed there-dressed not in Soviet uniform, but in the Chinese uniform. Russia was permitted to establish a trade agency called Sovintorg which monopolized all Sinkiang export trade. The newly built Turksib Railway exercised enormous economic force. Russians helped to lay out roads, planned irrigation projects, trained a provincial army, staffed provincial hospitals...
Chief hope of Hong Kong was the Chinese army. Early reports had stated that Chiang Kai-shek himself was leading crack troops to the relief of the encircled islanders. This was unlikely but Chungking announced later that one of China's toughest war heroes, General Tsai Ting-kai, who had slugged the Japanese to a standstill in the 1932 Shanghai war, was among the commanders of relieving forces. Chinese troops were already reported battling in the Japanese rear at Tamshui, 28 miles north of the colony's border. The Chinese Air Force was in action over Canton...