Word: tsao
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Dates: during 1920-1929
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...Marshal Tsao-Kun, Chihli Tuchun (War Lord), was elected President of China in succession to Li Yuan-Hung, who fled to Tientsin three months ago (TIME, June 25). He received 50 votes more than the statutory minimum required. It was reported that he won the election by bribing Members to the extent of " 5,000 pieces of silver " each...
...Marshal Tsao-Kun is a powerful militarist and if he succeeds in enlisting the services of General Wu Pei-Fu (Tuchun of the Yang-tsze Valley), his position will be rendered impregnable from a military point of view. On the other hand he is a man of little political ability and lacks force of character; moreover he is reputed to be surrounded by " evil counselors...
Sixty years of age, Tsao-Kun started life as a private soldier, but displayed such qualities of leadership that he attracted the attention of an officer who sent him to a military school. There he made excellent progress and later became an instructor...
...attempt to meet the demands of the Diplomatic Corps at Peking will bring President Tsao-Kun directly up against corrupt local authorities and, no doubt, against many of the Tuchuns. If he puts down brigandage effectively he will have also put down to a large extent a corrupt civil administrative system and will have gone a long way toward crushing the power of the Tuchuns and reunifying China. Observers have it, however, that the President will be no more than a figurehead and that little will be done to alter conditions now prevalent...
...Tsao-Kun, Chili Tuchun War Lord) was active in the background. It was asserted that he offered to buy votes at prices varying with the re- ports from $5,000 to $10,000. A section of the Chinese press contended that the members were entitled to accept the bribes, as they had been unable to collect their salaries. There were, reputedly, some 200 members who simply could not be bought...