Word: tubas
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...type of jammer, called "Tuba," shot mighty blasts of radio interference from the bluffs of southern England. When British night bombers streamed home from raids, Tuba's beam was a sheltering arm reaching out from home. Within its protection, bombers were safe from Nazi fighters. Nazi radar scopes showed nothing but Tuba's enormous blur...
...Tuba was not much help to U.S. day bombers, whose tight formations, necessary for protection against day fighters, made them extremely vulnerable to radar-pointed ground guns deep in Germany. So U.S. bombers carried "Carpet"-small transmitters sending out continuous waves to confuse the Wurzburgs. Carpet cut U.S. daylight bomber losses in half...
With counter-radar in full swing, a major raid on Europe became a complex business. Decoy planes dropped streamers of Window, filling the scopes of the Nazis' early-warning radars with swarms of imaginary bombers. From the cliffs of England, Tuba boomed its blasts, adding to the confusion. As the column of bombers swept toward Germany, Carpet cheeped from every plane, dazzling the Wurzburgs, while more puffs of glittering Window covered the sky with phantoms...
...radar's own frequency, thereby obscuring the detectable echo on the radar viewing scope. Allied bombers and ships were armed with these electronic jammers, labeled as "Carpet", for use in foiling detection. For defensive purposes, particularly against enemy air-borne radar, very powerful long-distance, ground-based jammers, called "Tuba", were used...
Russia's music is systematically organized-from the mightiest flames of Russian creative inspiration down to the lowliest tuba spit valve. A Soviet bureau called Glavnoe Musicalno Pravelenya (Glavmus for short) spends over 6,000,000 rubles a year ($1,200,000) keeping Soviet composers well-fed and commissioning them to write operas and symphnies. It even runs a "composers' country house" at Ivanovo, about 100 kilometers from Moscow, where all good Russian composers go in the summertime. One of Russia's top composers, Armenian-born Aran Khachaturian, calls it "an institution for the production of masterpieces...