Word: tuchun
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Dates: during 1923-1923
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...point is, however, that, on the face of it, the new Constitution will be useless in restoring order in China. The Tuchuns (War Lords) and the Super-Tuchuns have managed very ably to appoint Governors in the provinces-generally themselves. They have large armies for the suppression of lawlessness and anything else that occurs to them. This state of things obviously breathes defiance to the spirit of the new Constitution. The main obstacle to a unified China is the armies of the Tuchuns. They cannot be laid aside merely because the Constitution, says so or because President Tsao-Kun asks...
While President Tsao-Kun was finding his Presidential feet in Peking, the disappointed Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, virtual Tuchun of Canton, issued threats from the South. Said...
Marshal Tsao-Kun, Chihli Tuchun (War Lord), was elected President of China in succession to Li Yuan-Hung, who fled to Tientsin three months ago (TIME, June 25). He received 50 votes more than the statutory minimum required. It was reported that he won the election by bribing Members to the extent of " 5,000 pieces of silver " each...
Marshal Tsao-Kun is a powerful militarist and if he succeeds in enlisting the services of General Wu Pei-Fu (Tuchun of the Yang-tsze Valley), his position will be rendered impregnable from a military point of view. On the other hand he is a man of little political ability and lacks force of character; moreover he is reputed to be surrounded by " evil counselors...
Tsao-Kun, Chili Tuchun War Lord) was active in the background. It was asserted that he offered to buy votes at prices varying with the re- ports from $5,000 to $10,000. A section of the Chinese press contended that the members were entitled to accept the bribes, as they had been unable to collect their salaries. There were, reputedly, some 200 members who simply could not be bought...